Include is a verb, not a preposition. Example: The price includes breakfast.
What about including? It sits before nouns, so it can feel preposition-like, yet it comes from the verb include, which changes form: The bill included service. A true preposition like with never changes form. So including stays verbal.
Recognizing the two categories
Ask first: can another verb replace the word? The bill includes service. becomes The bill carries service. That swap works, so includes is a verb. A preposition fails this test: The bill at service. is not a possible sentence, and no verb swap can rescue it.
Verb clue: it takes a subject and changes form. The package includes a charger. becomes The package included a charger. Words like include take -ed and -s; prepositions never do.
Preposition clue: it sits directly before a noun or pronoun and links it to another word. Your keys are on the table. becomes Your keys are under the table. Swapping small place or time words like on and under is the preposition-side check, not a verb test.
Ambiguous case: including also sits before nouns, which feels preposition-like. But the base verb include takes -ed, as in The bill included service. A true preposition like with never changes form, so including stays verbal here.